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MBB/Kawasaki BK117, Eurocopter EC145 & Airbus H145

Although the official designation has remained BK117 throughout the years, the external appearance of this helicopter has changed a lot in the course of three generations. It started as a joint-venture between MBB of Germany, known for the Bo105, and Kawasaki of Japan. The made the original BK117. The BK117 is characterised by a rather high fuselage, that slopes up after the cabin. Clamshell doors proved access to the rear of the cabin. Above is a short tail boom holding a vertical stabiliser with the tail rotor on top. Just in front are the horizontal stabilisers with hugh swept vertical fins at the end, pointing up and down. The sweep angle of the upper part is the same as that of the central vertical fin. The two turboshaft engines are placed on top of the cabin. There is only a single engine/gear box hub.

Later MBB became Eurocopter Deutschland and without the help of Kawasaki developed a variant with a shrouded tail rotor (marketed as EC145). This evolved into the Airbus Helicopters H145. These variants have a different fuselage and/or don't have the typical tail of the BK117, but are still officially variants of the BK117. Details are described below.

Different versions

The different versions of the BK117, EC145 and H145 family can be recognised by looking at:

  • the type of tail rotor
  • the size of the tail rotor
  • the shape of the fuselage
  • the presence of end plates at the horizontal stabilisers

MBB/Kawasaki BK117, BK117A-1, BK117B-1 & BK117B-1C

Originally, the BK117 has a four blade main rotor and two blade tail rotor, placed on the left top of the vertical stabiliser. It has large vertical fins at the ends of the horizontal stabilisers, bigger than the central vertical fin. The cabin has a straight frame between the front and side cockpit windows. The length of the constant chord part of the tail rotor is about three times the chord width.

The engine and gear box housing of the Eurocopter EC135 is very streamlined and forms one part with the fuselage. Note the small pylon on top of it, one of the recognition points compared to the H145.

MBB/Kawasaki BK117A-3, BK117A-4, BK117B-2 & BK117C-1

All are improved versions of the original BK117. Apart from changes that are not visible on the outside, they have a wider diameter tail rotor. It is difficult to see though that the length of a blade is about four times the chord width.

The BK117C-1 is the only variant of the original BK117 that is powered by Turbomeca engines. There is no external difference compared to the Lycoming powered helicopters.

This military EC135T1 is equipped with taller skids than standard and filters on the air intakes..

Here is another example, but now of an EC135P2. Note the round blue sticker with the Pratt & Whitney logo on the engine cowlings.

Some late EC135P2+ helicopters already have the air intake at the side of the cowling, like the H135 below. It retains the end plates on the horizontal stabilisers though.

MBB/Kawasaki BK117A-3M

The dedicated military version of the BK117A-3 has outrigger pylons behind the cabin doors for storage of missiles, a gun mounted underneath the fuselage and taller skids.

H135 is the new marketing name for the EC135. This version has different air intakes, no vertical end plates on the horizontal fins and no bump under the tail rotor.

This detail photo better shows the revived air intakes on the H135: a smaller one at fron, a large one at the side and an additional one at the rear of the pylon.

Eurocopter EC145 & EC145e (BK117C-2)

When Eurocopter had taken over the activities of MBB (and Kawasaki), it made a significant make-over of the BK117 helicopter. The largest visible change is the replacement of the front fuselage with that of the EC135. As you can see from the photos the EC145 has a more rounded fuselage, with also a curved frame between the front cockpit window and the first side window. For the rest the EC145 is externally the same as the BK117C-1, including the tail with large vertical fins and a two blade tail rotor. The official designation is BK117C-2.

EC145e is the marketing name used for a 'simple' EC145 with less sophisticated systems and standardised interior. Its official designation is BK117-C2e.

A militarised version of the EC145 is used by the United States Army under designation UH-72A Lakota.  

The Eurocopter EC145 is essentially a BK117C-1 with the front fuselage of the EC135. Hence it is more rounded and has a curved frame between the front cockpit and side windows.

This detail photo better shows the revived air intakes on the H135: a smaller one at fron, a large one at the side and an additional one at the rear of the pylon.

Airbus Helicopters H145 & ACH145 (BK117D-2 & BK117D-3)

To bring the EC145 more in line with other Eurocopter models, the conventional tail rotor was replaced by a shrouded fan rotor, or fenestron. Gone are the characteristic large swept outer vertical fins. The horizontal stabilisers have no endplates at all.

This version is marketed as Airbus H145 (originally EC145T2), but officially known as BK117D-2. The five blade main rotor version is known as BK117D-3, but still has the marketing name remained H145. The dedicated VIP version is marketed as ACH145.

In British military service the H145 is known as Jupiter HT1. The US Army has a version that is called UH-72B Lakota.

This is a Jupiter HT1, the Royal Air Force version of the Airbus H145. Note the fanned tail rotor, absence of large fins at the horizontal stabilisers and four blade main rotor.

This detail photo better shows the revived air intakes on the H135: a smaller one at fron, a large one at the side and an additional one at the rear of the pylon.

Airbus Helicopters H145M (BK117D-2m & BK117D-3m)

The militarised version of the H145, with the capability of adding armor and retractable machine guns, amongst others. Like the H145 it comes in a version with four or five main rotor blades, designated BK117D-2m and BK117D-3m respectively. 

The Eurocopter EC145 is essentially a BK117C-1 with the front fuselage of the EC135. Hence it is more rounded and has a curved frame between the front cockpit and side windows.

This detail photo better shows the revived air intakes on the H135: a smaller one at fron, a large one at the side and an additional one at the rear of the pylon.

Confusion possible with

HAL Dhruv

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Hindustan Aeronautics seems to have looked well at the BK117 when they designed the Dhruv, as both helicopter appear very similar. The Dhruv has a four blade tail rotor on the right side though, and smaller vertical fins at the ends of the horizontal stabilisers. Also the air intakes are different. (photo: Alan Lebeda/WikiMedia)

Eurocopter EC135 & Airbus H135

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The Airbus H145 has a cabin similar to that of the Eurocopter EC135 (but larger) and a fenestron. This makes it quite difficult to distinguish from the EC135/H135. However, the EC135/H135 has a small pylon at the top of the engine housing, three side windows, a hingeless main rotor and a different shape of air intakes.